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°K:
The Kelvin scale is an absolute thermodynamic temperature scale using as its null point absolute zero, the temperature at which all thermal motion ceases in the classical description of thermodynamics.
The kelvin (symbol: K) is the base unit of temperature in the International System of Units (SI).
Until 2018, the kelvin was defined as the fraction 1⁄273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water (exactly 0.01 °C or 32.018 °F).
In other words, it is defined such that the triple point of water is exactly 273.16 K.
On 16 November 2018, a new definition was adopted, in terms of a fixed value of the Boltzmann constant.
For legal metrology purposes, the new definition will officially come into force 20 May 2019 (the 130th anniversary of the Metre Convention).
The Kelvin scale is named after the Belfast-born, Glasgow University engineer and physicist William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin (1824–1907), who wrote of the need for an "absolute thermometric scale".
Unlike the degree Fahrenheit and degree Celsius, the kelvin is not referred to or written as a degree.
The kelvin is the primary unit of temperature measurement in the physical sciences, but is often used in conjunction with the degree Celsius, which has the same magnitude.
The definition implies that absolute zero (0 K) is equivalent to −273.15 °C (−459.67 °F).
°R:
This article is about the temperature scale.
For the idealized thermodynamic cycle for a steam engine, see Rankine cycle.
For the scale measuring recovery after stroke, see Modified Rankin Scale.
"°R" redirects here.
The Rankine scale (/ˈræŋkɪn/) is an absolute scale of thermodynamic temperature named after the Glasgow University engineer and physicist William John Macquorn Rankine, who proposed it in 1859.
(The Kelvin scale was first proposed in 1848.) It may be used in engineering systems where heat computations are done using degrees Fahrenheit.
The symbol for degrees Rankine is °R (or °Ra if necessary to distinguish it from the Rømer and Réaumur scales).
By analogy with kelvin, some authors term the unit rankine, omitting the degree symbol.
Zero on both the Kelvin and Rankine scales is absolute zero, but a temperature difference of one Rankine degree is defined as equal to one Fahrenheit degree, rather than the Celsius degree used on the Kelvin scale.
Thus, a temperature of 0 K (−273.15 °C; −459.67 °F) is equal to 0 °R, and a temperature of −458.67 °F equal to 1 °R.
The US National Institute of Standards and Technology recommends against using the degree symbol when using Rankine in NIST publications.
Some important temperatures relating the Rankine scale to other temperature scales are shown in the table below.
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